压电增强的等离激元光催化材料Ag/BaTiO3的制备及性能研究

针对光催化过程中的低光利用率和低催化效率，采用光化学还原法将Ag纳米颗粒均匀修饰在BaTiO₃纳米压电材料表面，制备了x mol/L-Ag/BaTiO₃（x=0.01、0.02、0.04，x为Ag的浓度）等离激元压电光催化剂.研究了压电光催化过程中的反应机理及等离激元颗粒负载的浓度对光催化剂性能的影响.研究结果显示，0.02 mol/L-Ag/BaTiO₃在全光谱光辐照和超声激发的压电场的辅助下，在75 min内可降解91%的罗丹明B，将降解效率提升了21%，证实了纳米复合结构中压电势对表面等离激元光催化活性的重要影响.催化性能的提升源于压电效应和表面等离子体共振效应的协同作用.Ag纳米颗粒的等离子体共振效应（LSPR），使光吸收范围从紫外光区扩大至可见光波段.超声驱动可使BaTiO₃纳米压电体发生形变而于表面产生压电电荷，压电势的存在进一步增强了LSPR诱导的光生载流子分离，促进羟基自由基的生成，加速有机染料的降解.本工作将BaTiO₃的压电效应引入等离子体光催化中，可推广到其他材料和催化系统中，为环境净化提供一种有效的技术.     

SiO2@AgCl:Ag纳米复合材料:一种可见光催化降解罗丹明B的高效等离子体光催化剂

采用多元醇沉淀以及光化学还原法制备了SiO₂担载AgCl:Ag等离子体纳米粒子。通过表征发现SiO₂@AgCl:Ag粒子呈立方-四足角状。同时,由于表面Ag簇的等离子共振效应,该催化剂在可见光区有很强的光吸收,可用于在高效降解稳定的有机染料,例如,罗丹明B。合成的SiO₂@AgCl:Ag复合催化剂可在2 min内将罗丹明B分子完全降解。自由基捕获实验进一步探究发现O₂·^-和·OH是参与降解反应的主要氧化活性物种。以上SiO₂@AgCl:Ag的这些特性使其在水净化和环境治理方面有着潜在的应用。     

Plasmonic resonance instigated enhanced photoluminescence in quantum dot dispersed nematic liquid crystal

In the present investigation, the optical property of the nematic sample p-methoxybenzylidene p-decylaniline, dispersed with SiO₂ quantum dot (QD), has been reported. Enhanced luminescence has been observed from nematic-QD composites. Surface plasmonic effect along with QD exciton has been highlighted to discuss the observed intensification in photoluminescence. The intensified photoemission from the nematic composites can also be inferred from improved orientational behaviour of the liquid crystal molecules due to dispersion of QDs. Variation in the intensity of photoabsorption can be harnessed for development of luminescent display devices and optical parameter-driven scientific applications.     

Ultrabroadband superoscillatory lens composed by plasmonic metasurfaces for subdiffraction light focusing

Conventional optics is diffraction limited due to the cutoff of spatial frequency components, and evanescent waves allow subdiffraction optics at the cost of complex near‐field manipulation. Recently, optical superoscillatory phenomena were employed to realize superresolution lenses in the far field, but suffering from very narrow working wavelength band due to the fragility of the superoscillatory light field. Here, an ultrabroadband superoscillatory lens (UBSOL) is proposed and realized by utilizing the metasurface‐assisted law of refraction and reflection in arrayed nanorectangular apertures with variant orientations. The ultrabroadband feature mainly arises from the nearly dispersionless phase profile of transmitted light through the UBSOL for opposite circulation polarization with respect to the incident light. It is demonstrated in experiments that subdiffraction light focusing behavior holds well with nearly unchanged focal patterns for wavelengths spanning across visible and near‐infrared light. This method is believed to find promising applications in superresolution microscopes or telescopes, high‐density optical data storage, etc.

     

单颗粒光散射显微成像技术在生化医药分析中的应用

等离子体纳米颗粒(PNPs)具有体积小、易表面修饰、生物相容性好、毒性低等优点,在生物传感、生物成像、疾病诊断、肿瘤治疗、材料科学等领域得到了广泛的应用。PNPs的光散射光学性质可以通过调节其大小、组成、形貌和微环境来控制,可用于生化和药物分析。此外,由于单粒子散射显微技术具有高空间分辨率和高灵敏度,借助PNPs具有的独特局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)特性,可在单颗粒水平进行实时成像。根据PNPs的大小、组成、形态、微环境或耦合变化引起的信号变化,研究人员发展了多种显微成像分析方法,主要分为4种,包括散射光谱的波长位移、单粒子散射强度的变化、高通量RGB分析和计数方法。基于纳米颗粒LSPR散射光谱位移变化的方法准确、灵敏,但需要昂贵的单颗粒散射光谱仪和复杂的操作。基于纳米颗粒散射强度变化的方法简单可行,但易受纳米颗粒粒径和曝光时间等因素的影响。高通量RGB分析方法灵敏度高、成本低,但不适用于颜色变化不明显的单颗粒分析,且重复性差。单粒子计数法灵敏度高,但有时粒子分布不均匀,背景杂质的干扰限制了方法的准确度。因此,这4种定量方法各有优缺点。此外,近年来逐渐发展了一些新的定量方法。例如,研究人员开发了新的时间分辨分析定量方法,并将暗场显微镜与偏振器、滤光片等光学器件相结合以消除背景干扰,以及与电化学、拉曼等仪器相结合以扩大应用范围。此外,为提高分析方法的准确度和灵敏度,暗场显微镜与深度学习、云计算、人工智能等现代计算机科学技术的结合,越来越受到人们的欢迎。基于以上原因,该文重点介绍了单粒子光散射显微镜在生化和药物分析领域的应用,总结了近年来的最新研究进展,讨论了单粒子光散射显微镜在定量分析中的几种主要定量方法,提出了未来的发展趋势,以期为相关研究领域的新人提供一定的学术参考。     

多尺度Ag/CuO复合光热材料的制备及在海水淡化中的应用

采用原位化学反应和热处理相结合的策略,在泡沫铜表面形成丝线状与花瓣状的立体无机物阵列,然后在其表面蒸镀Ag纳米颗粒(NPs),成功制备了基于泡沫铜的Ag/CuO复合光热材料。该复合材料因表面三维立体阵列结构以及Ag NPs而具备较高的太阳光吸收率。故而,Ag/CuO复合光热材料结合三聚氰胺泡沫组成的蒸发器件实现了高效的海水淡化。本研究除了探索光陷阱深度和金属掺杂对吸收体光热转换效率增强之外,还搭建了太阳能驱动界面蒸汽生成测试系统,测试了样品的光热蒸发性能。在1倍太阳(1 kW·m~(-2))辐照下,该器件整体蒸发速率高达1.097 6 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),即其蒸发效率可达78.38%。     

DNA‐Based Adaptive Plasmonic Logic Gates

Self‐assembled plasmonic logic gates that read DNA molecules as input and return plasmonic chiroptical signals as outputs are reported. Such logic gates are achieved on a DNA‐based platform that logically regulate the conformation of a chiral plasmonic nanostructure, upon specific input DNA strands and internal computing units. With systematical designs, a complete set of Boolean logical gates are realized. Intriguingly, the logic gates could be endowed with adaptiveness, so they can autonomously alter their logics when the environment changes. As a demonstration, a logic gate that performs AND function at body temperature while OR function at cold storage temperature is constructed. In addition, the plasmonic chiroptical output has three distinctive states, which makes a three‐state molecular logic gate readily achievable on this platform. Such DNA‐based plasmonic logic gates are envisioned to execute more complex tasks giving these unique characteristics.     

Plasmonic multilayer structure for ultrathin amorphous silicon film photovoltaic cell

A plasmonic multilayer structure (PMS) is proposed for photovoltaic cells with an ultrathin active layer that is 30 nm amorphous Si (α-Si). The optical properties of the PMS are analyzed by rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Using the PMS, the incident light can be trapped into localized surface plasmon (LSP) and then the localized surface plasmon induces the surface plasmon (SP) that propagates transversely within the α-Si layer. Compared with the indium tin oxide (ITO)/α-Si/Ag structure, the photon number absorbed by PMS increase 28.7% while a normal incident transverse magnetic (TM) polarization wave is applied.     

Au-Nanoparticle-Array/Aligned-Ag-Nanowire-Based Flexible Dual Plasmonic Substrate for Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection

The fabrication of flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for sensitive detection on uneven or irregular surfaces is challenging. In this study, a flexible dual plasmonic SERS (FDPS) substrate rationally constructed using Au nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays/aligned Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and elastic polyurethane (PU) is demonstrated. It exhibits high sensitivity (detection limit of 10⁻⁸ m for melamine and 10⁻¹⁰ m for malachite green) and excellent reproducibility. The well-designed structure of AuNP arrays/aligned AgNWs fabricated using block copolymer self-assembly and oil–water–air interfacial self-assembly successfully enhances the electromagnetic field through plasmonic coupling. In addition, the FDPS substrate retains a high SERS sensitivity after exposure to air at room temperature for 30 days because of the high stability of AuNP arrays and antioxidation characteristic of the PU covered on the aligned AgNWs. Even after undergoing stretching, bending, and twisting for 100 cycles, the FDPS substrate maintains a stable SERS activity owing to the introduction of the elastic PU. This study demonstrates a potential application of SERS detection under practical conditions for irregular surfaces and may be helpful in the development of flexible sensors.